Theophanes 5 was priest and hegoumenos of the monastery of Baiae in Sicily, in which capacity he attended the first thirteen sessions of the Third Council of Constantinople (the Sixth Ecumenical Council) in 680 and 681; he was then made archbishop of Antioch (between the thirteenth and fourteenth sessions, so between 28 March and 5 April 681) in place of the deposed bishop Makarios 1 and in that capacity he attended the remaining five sessions of the council: Riedinger, pp. 18-822 (= Mansi XI 212-669), cf. Lib. Pont. 81. 14 ("in locum vero Macari ordinatus est Theophanius abbas monasterii Baias, insulae Siciliensis, patriarcha ecclesiae Antiochenae").

In the lists of those attending the first thirteen sessions of the Council Theophanes 5 is styled Θεοφάνους πρεσβυτέρου καὶ ἡγουμένου τοῦ ἐν Σικελίᾳ εὐαγοῦς μοναστηρίου ἐπιλεγομένου Βαίων: Riedinger, p. 18, lines 20-21, p. 30, lines 22-23, etc. (= Mansi XI 212, 220, etc.). In the lists of those attending sessions fourteen to eighteen he is styled Θεοφάνους τοῦ ὁσιωτάτου καὶ ἁγιωτάτου ἀρχιεπισκόπου Θεουπόλεως Ἀντιοχείας: Riedinger, p. 630, line 1, p. 666, line 10, p. 684, line 10, p. 706, line 18 (Latin only), 754, line 15 (= Mansi XI 584, 604, 612, 622 (Latin only), 625).

In the list of subscriptions to the statement of the faith, which condemned monotheletism, and to the Council, Theophanes 5 is styled Θεοφάνης ἐλέῳ Θεοῦ ἐπίσκοπος Θεουπόλεως ἤτοι Ἀντιοχείας: Riedinger, p. 778, line 13, p. 822, line 17 (= Mansi XI 640, 669).

At the eighth session (on 7 March, 681), after the deposition of Makarios 1 and Stephanos 17, Theophanes 5 questioned them closely on the doctrine of Will: Riedinger, pp. 242-248 (= Mansi XI 365-369) (styled Θεοφάνης ὁ θεοσεβέστατος πρεσβύτερος καὶ ἡγούμενος τοῦ μοναστηρίου τῶν Βαίων at Riedinger, p. 242, lines 14-15 (= Mansi XI 365)). During the tenth session (18 March, 681), after the reading of passages from the former patriarch of Antioch, Ephraem (527-545), Theophanes 5 proposed to the Council that Ephraem's name be added to the sacred diptychs of the Church of Hagia Sophia; the Council agreed: Riedinger, p. 362, lines 6-13 (= Mansi XI 436). At the eleventh session (20 March) he accused Makarios 1 of breaking with custom by sending copies of a supposed address to the emperor around to other places including Sardinia and Rome: Riedinger, p. 502, lines 1-8 (= Mansi XI 512). His name was included in the acclamations at the end of the sixteenth session (9 August, 681): Riedinger, p. 702, line 16 (= Mansi XI 621) (Θεοφάνους πατριάρχου Ἀντιοχείας πολλὰ τὰ ἔτη).

After the Council ended, a copy of the definition of the faith agreed by the Council was sent to the see of Antioch via Theophanes 5: Riedinger, p. 830, lines 11-12 (= Mansi XI 682-684) (διὰ Θεοφάνους τοῦ ὁσιωτάτου καὶ ἁγιωτάτου πατριάρχου). He also subscribed the copy of the faith sent to the bishop of Rome, Agatho 1: Riedinger, p. 891, line 1 (= Mansi XI 688). He is described as the patriarch of Antioch and one of the leaders of the Council (see also Georgios 1): Zon. XIV 21. 6 (Θεοφάνης Ἀντιοχείας). He was one of the patriarchs who attended the Latin mass celebrated on the Octave of Easter (15 April) during the Council by bishop Ioannes 21 of Portus: Lib. Pont. 81. 15 (not named).

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