Al-Hajjaj 1 was always called ὁ Χαγάν ("the Khagan") in Theophanes; his name was al-Hajjaj. Son of Yusuf (Joseph): Chron. 1234, §147 (Hgg br Ywsp). He and Muhammad 2 are described as "strong men - bloodthirsty and bereft of mercy"; therefore he was given authority over the whole of Persia by the caliph Abdulmalik 1: Chron. 1234, §147 (p. 293). In 689 he was sent by the caliph Abdulmalik 1 to Mecca where he overthrew and killed the rebel Zouber (actually Abdullah 3, son of Zouber, Ibn al-Zubayr); he was then sent to be governor-general of Persia (στρατηγὸν τῆς Περσίδος): Theoph. AM 6181. On the expedition against Ibn Zubayr he was accompanied by Muhammad 2; after the defeat of Ibn Zubayr they pursued him to the kaba, entering to seize and kill him after destroying the surrounding wall; they cut off his head and sent it to Abdulmalik 1, and then rebuilt what they had destroyed; al-Hajjaj 1 was then given "dominion over Kûfa and Medina and Mecca and all Iraq": Chron. 1234, §147 (p. 293), cf. Mich. Syr. II 470. His rule in Persia was marked by the execution of many leading Arabs and the confiscation of their property: Chron. 1234. §148 (pp. 293-294). In 693 he almost perished at the hands of the rebel Sabinos 2 in Khorasan: Theoph. AM 6185. The rebel (Sabinos 2) was called Shabib; he caused problems for al-Hajjaj 1 in 693 and threatened his life, but al-Hajjaj 1 finally had him drowned in the Euphrates: Chron. 1234, §150 (p. 296). In 699 he was driven from Persia by the rebellion of Abd ar-Rahman 2: Theoph. AM 6191. In the following year he was joined by Muhammad 2 and they defeated and killed Abd ar-Rahman 2; Persia again became subject to al-Hajjaj: Theoph. AM 6192 (καὶ πάλιν τῷ Χαγὰν τὴν Περσικὴν ἐνεχείρισαν). He built a citadel at a place called Beth Qubayah "with great care and at vast expense"; in 748 this was destroyed in an earthquake with heavy loss of life: Chron. 1234, §178 (p. 326) ("built by Hajjaj son of Yusuf").

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