Philalethes 1 was bishop of Kaisareia in Cappadocia and exarchos of the Pontic diocese. In 681 he attended the Third Council of Constantinople (the Sixth Ecumenical Council) and was present at the last nine sessions (from the tenth to the eighteen, from 18 March to 16 September 681): Riedinger, II 2. 280-823 (= Mansi XI 389-669). In the subscriptions to the statement of the faith, which condemned monotheletism, he is styled Φιλαλήθης ἐλέει Θεοῦ ἐπίσκοπος τῆς Καισαρέων μητροπόλεως τῆς πρώτης τῶν Καππαδοκῶν ἐπαρχίας καὶ ἔξαρχος τῆς Ποντικῆς διοικήσεως: Riedinger, II 2. 780, lines 7-8 (= Mansi XI 641) (the old Latin version printed in Riedinger, II 2. 781, lines 7-8 (= Mansi XI 642) calls him "episcopus Caesariae metropoleos primae Cappadocum regionis et primas Ponticae dioecaeseos"), cf. Riedinger, II 2. 891, line 7 (= Mansi XI 688). In the subscriptions to the Council he is styled Φιλαλήθης ἀνάξιος ἐπίσκοπος τῆς Καισαρέων μεγαλοπόλεως τῆς πρώτης τῶν Καππαδοκῶν ἐπαρχίας: Riedinger, II 2. 823, lines 3-4 (= Mansi XI 669) (the Latin version calls his see "Caesareae magnae civitatis primae Cappadociae provinciae", Mansi XI 670). In the lists of those attending each session he is styled Φιλαλήθους ἐπισκόπου Καισαρείας Καππαδοκίας: Riedinger, II 2. 280, line 12, p. 402, line 21, etc. (= Mansi XI 389, 457, etc.).

Philalethes 1 was among those who subscribed the copy of the definition of the faith sent to the bishop of Rome after the Council: Riedinger, ii 2. 891, line 7 (= Mansi XI 688).

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